Exploring Rheumatoid Arthritis Deformities | Impact and Benefits of Physiotherapy Treatment | Blog by CB Physiotherapy, Active Healing for Pain Free Life.

 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the joints. Unlike osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear, RA occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s tissues, leading to inflammation, pain, and eventual joint damage. This autoimmune response primarily targets the synovium, the lining of the membranes surrounding the joints, causing inflammation that can invade and destroy cartilage and bone within the joint. The precise cause of RA remains unknown, but genetic and environmental factors play significant roles.

Common Deformities Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis

RA is characterized by joint inflammation, pain, and deformity. Deformities occur when chronic inflammation leads to joint damage, erosion, and destruction of the bone and cartilage. Some common deformities associated with RA include:

1: Ulnar Deviation: One of the hallmark deformities of RA, ulnar deviation, occurs when the fingers deviate towards the ulna, or the outer side of the arm. This is typically caused by damage to the joint structures and weakening of the tendons and ligaments.
2: Swan Neck Deformity: This deformity is characterized by hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and flexion of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. It occurs due to an imbalance in the muscles and tendons around the affected joints.
3: Boutonnière Deformity: In this condition, the PIP joint is bent towards the palm (flexion), while the DIP joint is bent back away (hyperextension). It results from the detachment or rupture of the extensor tendon at the PIP joint.
4: Rheumatoid Nodules: These are firm lumps that appear under the skin, often near the affected joints. They are non-tender and usually occur in areas subjected to pressure.
5: Hammer Toe and Claw Toe: These deformities affect the toes, leading to abnormal bending. Hammer toe involves bending of the middle joint of the toe, while claw toe results in the toe bending into a claw-like position.
6: Z-Deformity of the Thumb: This involves hyperextension of the first joint of the thumb and flexion of the second joint, resulting in a Z-shaped appearance.

Impact of Deformities on Patients’ Lives

The deformities associated with RA significantly impact patients’ quality of life. They can lead to:

1: Reduced Mobility: Deformities limit the range of motion in the affected joints, making it challenging to perform daily activities such as dressing, eating, and writing.
2: Pain and Discomfort: Chronic pain and stiffness are common, leading to discomfort and reduced physical activity.
3: Psychological Effects: The visible deformities can cause self-esteem issues and lead to social withdrawal and depression.
4: Functional Limitations: The inability to use the hands and feet properly can hinder work and leisure activities, affecting overall productivity and independence.

Role of Physiotherapy in Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis Deformities

Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in managing RA and its associated deformities. It aims to reduce pain, improve joint function, enhance mobility, and prevent further deformities. Here are some key physiotherapy interventions:

1: Exercise Therapy
Exercise is fundamental in managing RA. A physiotherapist will design an individualized exercise program that includes:
a) Range of Motion Exercises: These exercises help maintain joint flexibility and prevent stiffness. They involve gently moving the joints through their full range of motion.
b) Strengthening Exercises: Strengthening the muscles around the joints provides better support and reduces the strain on the affected joints. Isometric exercises, which involve muscle contractions without joint movement, are particularly beneficial for RA patients.
c) Aerobic Exercises: Low-impact aerobic exercises, such as walking, swimming, and cycling, improve cardiovascular health and overall fitness without putting excessive strain on the joints.

2: Manual Therapy
Manual therapy techniques, including joint mobilization and soft tissue manipulation, can help reduce pain and improve joint function. These techniques involve the physiotherapist using their hands to apply pressure and manipulate the affected joints and tissues.

3: Hydrotherapy
Hydrotherapy, or aquatic therapy, involves exercises in a warm water pool. The buoyancy of water reduces the load on the joints, making movement easier and less painful. The warmth of the water also helps relax muscles and reduce stiffness.

4: Splinting and Orthotic Devices
Splints and orthotic devices can support, reduce pain, and prevent or correct deformities. They help maintain proper joint alignment and reduce strain on the affected joints. Custom-made splints are often used for the hands and wrists, while orthotic inserts can support the feet and ankles.

5: Pain Management:
Techniques to manage pain, include Tens, ultrasound, heat and cold therapy, and relaxation techniques.
a) Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) blocks pain signals from reaching the spinal cord. It helps to decrease muscle spasms, synovial fluid, and inflammation.
b) Therapeutic ultrasound: Ultrasound uses sound waves to create warmth, decreasing joint pain, inflammation, and stiffness.
c) Ice therapy: Ice therapy decreases swelling and inflammation. Cryotherapy can be used as ice packs and cold compresses in acute stages. Cold therapy is used in active joints where intra-articular heat increase is undesired.
d) Heat therapy: Heat therapy is used in chronic stages of rheumatoid arthritis. It reduces muscle spasms. Heat therapy can be used for 10–20 minutes once or twice a day before exercise in the form of a hot pack, hot water bath, hot water bottle, hydrotherapy, infrared radiation, paraffin, etc.

6: Functional Training
Functional training focuses on improving the ability to perform daily activities. This may include:
a) Balance and Coordination Exercises: To reduce the risk of falls and improve stability.
b) Task-Specific Training: Practicing activities of daily living, such as dressing, cooking, and grooming, to enhance independence and confidence.

We hope this article has provided valuable insights into managing rheumatoid arthritis deformities through physiotherapy. If you have any questions or need further information, please don’t hesitate to reach out to us. For inquiries, appointments, and more details about our services, Feel free to contact us directly at 01140846393. We’re here to help you manage your rheumatoid arthritis effectively and improve your quality of life.

Rheumatoid Arthritis Wellness | The Essential Dos, Don'ts, And Physiotherapy Insights

 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can significantly affect the quality of life of those diagnosed with it. The good news is that with proper management, patients can lead active and fulfilling lives. A key component of this is that physiotherapy can help manage arthritis pain, improve joint mobility, and maintain independence. In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore the significance of physiotherapy and outline essential dos, don'ts, and precautionary measures for RA patients.

Role of Physiotherapy in Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis

Dos

1. Consult a Physiotherapist:
DO seek out a qualified physiotherapist with experience in treating RA patients. They can evaluate your condition, create a personalized exercise and therapy plan, and monitor your progress.

2. Establish an Exercise Routine:
DO work with your physiotherapist to develop a regular exercise routine that focuses on joint mobility, strength, and flexibility. Low-impact exercises like swimming, cycling, or gentle yoga can be highly beneficial.

3. Learn Proper Techniques:
DO learn proper techniques for exercises and daily activities. Your physiotherapist can teach you how to move safely, avoid unnecessary strain on your joints, and reduce the risk of injury.

4. Heat and Cold Therapy:
DO use heat and cold therapy as recommended by your physiotherapist. These techniques can help reduce pain and inflammation in affected joints.

5. Assistive Devices:
DO consult with your physiotherapist about the use of assistive devices such as braces, orthotics, or mobility aids. These can reduce pressure on your joints during daily activities.
 

Don'ts

1. Don't Push Too Hard:
DON'T engage in high-intensity or high-impact activities without consulting your physiotherapist. Overexertion can lead to flare-ups and increased pain.

2. Avoid Prolonged Inactivity:
DON'T stay sedentary for extended periods. Prolonged inactivity can worsen joint stiffness and lead to muscle weakness. Find a balance between rest and movement.

3. Don't Disregard Pain:
DON'T ignore pain during exercises or daily activities. If you experience pain, stop the activity and consult your physiotherapist to adjust your routine.

4. Avoid Extreme Temperatures:
DON'T expose your joints to extreme temperatures without precautions. Extreme cold or heat can exacerbate RA symptoms. Dress appropriately for the weather and use temperature-appropriate therapies.

5: Don't Skip Physiotherapy Appointments:
Don't skip physiotherapy sessions. Consistency is key to reaping the benefits of physiotherapy in managing RA.
 

Additional Dos and Don'ts for RA Patients

Dos

1. Medication Management:
DO follow your prescribed treatment plan, including medications. Communicate any concerns or side effects to your healthcare provider promptly.

2. Maintain a Balanced Diet:
DO focus on a diet rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and low in saturated fats. Consult a nutritionist if necessary for personalized dietary guidance.

3. Manage Stress:
DO practice stress-reduction techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, or engaging in hobbies that promote relaxation.

4. Seek Support:
DO seek emotional support from friends, family, or a therapist to help you cope with the emotional challenges of living with RA.
 

Don'ts

1. Don't Neglect Medication:
DON'T skip doses of your prescribed medications or discontinue them without consulting your healthcare provider. Consistency in medication is crucial for managing the disease.

2. Avoid Excessive Alcohol:
DON'T consume excessive alcohol, as it can interact negatively with RA medications and increase inflammation.

3. Don't Neglect Your Weight:
DON'T ignore maintaining a healthy weight. Being overweight can place additional strain on your joints.

4. Don't Compare Yourself to Others:
DON'T compare your progress or limitations to others with RA. Each person's experience is unique, and it's important to focus on your own journey.

5. Don't Ignore Emotional Health:
DON'T neglect your mental and emotional well-being. Seek professional help when necessary to address stress, depression, and other emotional challenges.

Precautionary Measures

1. Infection Prevention:
DO take precautions to avoid infections. RA patients may have a higher risk of infections, so practice good hygiene, get vaccinated as recommended, and consult your healthcare provider promptly if you suspect an infection.

2. Regular Eye Exams:
DO schedule regular eye exams. RA can affect the eyes, and early detection and treatment of eye issues are essential.

3. Bone Health:
DO pay attention to your bone health. RA and some medications can increase the risk of osteoporosis. Discuss bone health with your healthcare provider and consider bone density testing if advised.

4. Fall Prevention:
DO take measures to prevent falls. RA can affect balance and coordination. Ensure your living space is safe, and consider exercises to improve balance and reduce the risk of falls.

5. Stay Informed:
DO stay informed about RA and its treatment options. Medical advancements and new treatments are continually emerging, so regularly discuss your treatment plan with your healthcare provider.

6. Adaptive Equipment:
DO consider the use of adaptive equipment as recommended by healthcare professionals. These tools can make daily activities safer and more manageable.

7. Stress Management:
DO prioritize stress management. Chronic stress can exacerbate RA symptoms. Engage in activities that promote relaxation and seek emotional support when needed.

The more you know about RA, its causes, symptoms, and treatments, the better equipped you will be to manage the condition effectively. Seek information from reputable sources and consult with healthcare professionals.

Avoid self-diagnosis or relying solely on non-professional sources for medical advice. While it's essential to educate yourself, only a qualified healthcare provider can provide an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

 

Arthritis

Arthritis | Its Treatment and Management by Physiotherapy

Are you suffering from Arthritis and are taking painkillers to suppress the pain caused by this condition? Then you should immediately take proper treatment before this condition progresses to a level where it might restrict the movement of the affected joints. Exercising every day and consulting a well-trained physiotherapist is one such step that can be beneficial. Arthritis targets the skin and multiple joints of the body affecting day to day life of an individual. This blog is written to give you a better understanding of arthritis, its types, and its physiotherapy management.

 

Types of Arthritis

Arthritis is the inflammation of the joints, it affects one or multiple joints. The symptoms of this condition may develop over time and are not constant. Arthritis is broadly classified into three categories:

1: Osteoarthritis:

This type of arthritis occurs due to an injury or aging.

2: Rheumatoid arthritis:

Rheumatoid arthritis happens due to the immune system attacking (by accident) the functional cells of the body.

3: Infectious arthritis:

Infectious arthritis spreads to the joint from a different body part.

4: Juvenile arthritis

Juvenile arthritis takes place in children.

5: Psoriatic arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis occurs in people with psoriasis, it affects their skin and joints.

 

Physiotherapy management

Physiotherapy for arthritis is an effective and safe way to help:

• Decrease pain
• Reduce discomfort
• Strengthen the joints and muscles
• Improve mobility
• Helps in increasing the range of flexibility and motion.
• Restore the use of affected joints
• Prevent further damage to the joints
• Prevent progression of arthritis
• Maintain fitness
• Improve functionality.

 

Physiotherapy intervention

According to the patient's needs, the physiotherapist would tailor the exercises. The physiotherapy treatment program for arthritis includes:

1: Rest and Splinting:

Rest or splinting is recommended if required during the acute stage of the disease. Bed rest relieves extensive joint pain and puts the joints into rest at a functional position. Rest and splinting, diminishes pain and inflammation, to prevent stress, stiffness, and deformities.

 

2: Ultrasound Therapy:

Ultrasound therapy creates warmth and gentle heat that increases blood circulation in deeper tissues thus decreases pain and increases range of motion.

 

3: Transcutaneous electrical stimulations (TENS):

Transcutaneous electrical stimulations are found to be significantly effective in increasing strength. This helps to prevent the progression of the condition that limits movement and functionality in daily life.

 

4: Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT):

Low-level Laser Therapy is a non-invasive treatment that reduces pain, inflammation and also increases mobility.

 

5: Paraffin Therapy:

Paraffin therapy is extremely beneficial for arthritis. It has a very high capacity for absorbing heat, which helps to improve the patient's performance while exercising.

 

6: Ice therapy:

Use of ice pack or cloth soaked in cold water can be applied to the affected area or by submerging the part in ice-cold water.  Ice packs can be used to reduce pain, swelling, and inflammation. 

 

7: Heat therapy:

Similarly, heat packs can also help decrease stiffness and improves blood circulation.  A heating pad, warm shower, hot water bottle on the affected area can be used. Heat packs can also help decrease stiffness and improves blood circulation.

 

8: Massages:

Moderate pressure massage is given by a trained physiotherapist. Massage therapy is proved to be helpful and soothing for many arthritis sufferers. Regular massages can relieve pain by lowering the production of cortisol (stress hormone) in the human body.

 

9: Acupuncture:

Acupuncture is another treatment that can be used as an intervention by the physiotherapist to stimulate the brain to release endorphins.

 

10: Exercise:

Graded exercises help reduce arthritis pain. These exercises are started slowly and then gently increased when progressed further.  These exercises strengthen the muscles and joints and increase overall fitness. Strengthening, endurance, stretching & stability exercises are a part of the exercise program. The therapist also advises holding correct body posture while carrying out daily activities to relieve pain and prevent further damage.

 

11: Hydrotherapy:

Physiotherapy for arthritis is not limited to simple exercises or the use of modalities only, but also extends to other exercises such as swimming which is a great form of exercise without putting pressure on the joints. Water-based exercises can relieve pressure on the joints, reduce body fat, and improve mood, coordination, and range of motion.

 

12: Assistive devices:

The physiotherapy also recommends assistive devices like wearing braces or walking with a cane.

 

13: Posture correction

Arthritis can also be caused due to bad body posture while sitting and working. Simple exercises at home or at the workplace can help in preventing arthritis. Some simple stretches include neck rotations, head tilts, leg raises, hamstring stretches, finger and thumb bends and wrist rotation to ease the tension in the joints while working on the desk.

 

Physiotherapy has beneficial effects on increasing physical capacity and reduces the activity of the disease. The physiotherapist provides patient education about their condition and makes them aware of the various physiotherapy options that are available to improve the quality of life.