Post-mastectomy Recovery: How Physiotherapy Helps Women Heal After A Mastectomy

 A mastectomy is not just a surgical procedure—it is a life-changing event that affects a woman’s physical, emotional, and functional well-being. While the surgery is performed to treat or prevent breast cancer, the recovery journey extends well beyond the operating room. One of the most important pillars of postoperative rehabilitation is physical therapy (physiotherapy). It helps women regain strength, mobility, confidence, and control over their daily lives. With the right physiotherapy care, recovery becomes smoother, faster, and significantly more comfortable.

 

Understanding the Impact of Mastectomy on the Body

A mastectomy involves removing breast tissue, and depending on the type of surgery, muscles, lymph nodes, or surrounding structures may also be affected. This leads to several common physical challenges:

• Shoulder stiffness and restricted arm movement
• Pain around the chest wall, underarm, or upper back
• Postural changes due to surgical discomfort or muscle imbalance
• Swelling (lymphedema) due to lymph node removal
• Scar tightness and adhesions
• Fatigue, weakness, and reduced tolerance for daily activities
• Physical therapy is designed to address these challenges safely and effectively—ensuring that women return to their routine with greater ease and confidence.

 

Why Physical Therapy Is Essential After a Mastectomy?

Restores Shoulder and Arm Mobility

Post-surgery, many women experience tightness around the shoulder and chest area, making it difficult to lift their arms or perform simple tasks like combing hair or reaching overhead. Physiotherapy includes gentle, progressive mobility exercises that help restore full range of motion without stressing the surgical site. Early movement (as recommended by the surgeon) also prevents long-term stiffness or “frozen shoulder.”

1. Reduces Pain and Postoperative Discomfort

Pain after a mastectomy is common, especially around the chest, underarm, and upper back. Physiotherapists use a combination of techniques such as:

• Gentle manual therapy
• Myofascial release
• Soft tissue mobilization
• Guided stretching
• These help relax tight muscles, reduce nerve irritation, and improve overall comfort.

2. Prevents and Manages Lymphedema

Lymphedema—swelling caused by lymph fluid buildup—is one of the most significant postoperative complications, especially when lymph nodes are removed. Physiotherapists trained in Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT) can help with:

• Manual lymphatic drainage
• Pneumatic Compression therapy
• Skin care education
• Targeted exercises that support lymphatic flow
• Early physiotherapy intervention significantly reduces the risk of chronic lymphedema.

3. Improves Posture and Strength

After surgery, women often protect the surgical area by rounding their shoulders or avoiding certain movements. Over time, this can lead to poor posture, muscle weakness, and neck or back pain. A physiotherapist designs a personalized strengthening programme that focuses on:

• Upper back and shoulder blade muscles
• Core stability
• Deep breathing exercises to expand the chest wall
• Correcting posture early plays a huge role in long-term physical comfort.

4. Enhances Scar Healing and Tissue Flexibility

Scar tissue can become tight or form adhesions, restricting movement and causing discomfort. Physiotherapists use gentle scar-mobilization techniques (only after the incision has healed completely) to improve skin elasticity and prevent long-term tightness. They also teach patients how to safely perform self-scar massage at home.

5. Helps Women Return to Daily Activities and Work

Everyday activities—cooking, cleaning, exercising, lifting, or even sleeping comfortably—can become challenging after surgery. Physical therapy focuses on functional rehabilitation so that women regain independence safely and confidently. Therapists also guide them on how to gradually resume fitness routines, sports, and recreational activities.

 

When Should Physical Therapy Start?

The timeline varies depending on the type of surgery, whether reconstruction was done, and the surgeon’s protocol. Generally:

• Gentle exercises begin within 1–2 days after surgery
• A structured physiotherapy program usually starts 2–3 weeks post-surgery
• More intensive strengthening begins once healing is well established
• A physiotherapist will coordinate with the surgical team to create an appropriate plan.

 

Home Exercises That May Be Recommended

Physiotherapists often teach simple movements that patients can perform at home:

• Deep breathing and chest expansion exercises
• Arm circles and shoulder rolls
• Wall-climbing exercises
• Gentle stretching for the chest and underarm
• Strengthening using resistance bands (later in recovery)
• These exercises help maintain mobility, reduce tightness, and speed up healing—but they should only be done under professional guidance, especially in the early weeks.

 

Why Professional Guidance Matters?

Every woman’s mastectomy journey is unique. Factors like radiation therapy, reconstruction, pre-existing conditions, and overall fitness influence recovery. A physiotherapist ensures that exercises are safe, personalized, and progressed at the right pace to avoid complications.

Attempting unsupervised exercises or delaying rehabilitation can lead to long-term issues such as chronic pain, persistent swelling, or restricted mobility.

Physical therapy plays a vital role in helping women recover holistically after a mastectomy. It reduces pain, restores movement, prevents complications like lymphedema, enhances posture, and supports emotional healing. With expert physiotherapy care, women can reclaim strength, comfort, and independence—one step, one stretch, and one breath at a time.

Tailbone Pain No More: Safe Approach For Treating Coccydynia At Cb Physiotherapy

 

Tailbone pain, or coccydynia, is a surprisingly common yet often overlooked condition that can affect everyday life. People with coccydynia may find it painful to sit, bend, drive, or even get up from a chair. Because the coccyx is a small but sensitive structure located at the very bottom of the spine, even a minor injury or prolonged pressure can trigger persistent discomfort. At CB Physiotherapy, we focus on safe, non-invasive, personalised physiotherapy to relieve tailbone pain and restore comfort in daily activities.

 

What Is Coccydynia and Why Does It Occur?

Coccydynia refers to pain at the coccyx—usually made worse while sitting, leaning back, or transitioning from sitting to standing. Common causes include:

• A fall directly on the tailbone
• Prolonged sitting on hard surfaces
• Childbirth-related strain
• Repetitive micro-trauma (cycling, rowing)
• Poor posture
• Degenerative or arthritic changes
• Sometimes the pain becomes chronic if the surrounding muscles tighten, the joints stiffen, or inflammation persists. This is where expert physiotherapy intervention becomes important.

 

Why Physiotherapy Is the Safest Approach?

Physiotherapy is considered one of the safest and most effective treatments for tailbone pain because it avoids medications, injections, or surgical procedures unless absolutely necessary. The goal is to:

• Reduce inflammation
• Restore mobility
• Improve posture
• Release tension in pelvic floor and surrounding muscles
• Correct faulty sitting mechanics
• Prevent recurrence
• At CB Physiotherapy, each treatment plan is carefully personalised based on the patient’s symptoms, lifestyle, and functional needs.

 

CB Physiotherapy’s Evidence-Based Approach to Coccydynia

Detailed Assessment and Posture Analysis

Treatment begins with a comprehensive assessment, which includes:

• Pain pattern analysis — when and how the pain appears
• Sitting posture evaluation
• Examination of lumbar, sacral, and pelvic alignment
• Muscle tightness or trigger point assessment
• Review of aggravating activities (office sitting, driving, workouts)
• This helps identify the root cause and guides a customised rehabilitation plan.
  
  

1. Manual Therapy for Pain Relief

CB Physiotherapy uses specialised manual therapy techniques to release tension and improve joint mobility around the sacrococcygeal area.

Soft Tissue Release

Gentle massage, trigger point therapy, and myofascial release reduce muscle spasm in:

• Gluteal muscles
• Piriformis
• Pelvic floor
• Lower back musculature
• This helps reduce pressure on the tailbone.
  
  

2. Mobilisation Techniques

If the coccyx is slightly misaligned or stiff, controlled mobilisations can help restore normal movement, improving comfort while sitting.

Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy (if required)

Many patients are surprised to learn that tight or dysfunctional pelvic floor muscles can worsen tailbone pain. Our trained therapists assess and treat pelvic floor issues through:

• Relaxation training
• Breathing coordination
• Stretching techniques
• This approach is especially beneficial in postpartum coccydynia.

3. Electrotherapy for Safe Pain Reduction

To reduce pain and inflammation safely, CB Physiotherapy uses modalities such as:

• Ultrasound therapy
• TENS
• Interferential therapy (IFT)
• Shockwave therapy
• Laser therapy
• CRET therapy
• Heat therapy
• These treatments help accelerate healing without relying on pain-killers.

4.Tailbone-Friendly Exercise Prescription

Exercises are the cornerstone of long-term recovery. A personalised plan may include:
Pelvic Mobility Exercises

To reduce stiffness around the coccyx and lower back.

Core Strengthening

Strong core muscles reduce pressure on the tailbone while sitting and during movement.

Pelvic Floor Relaxation Exercises

For patients with hypertonic pelvic floor muscles.

Hip and Glute Stretching

To release surrounding tension and improve posture.

Postural Re-education

Patients are trained in:

• Correct sitting alignment
• Use of ergonomic chairs
• Safe ways to bend and lift
• These changes significantly reduce recurrence.

5. Ergonomic Training & Lifestyle Correction

Many patients develop coccydynia due to prolonged sitting or incorrect work posture. Our physiotherapists provide:

• Guidance on cushions (donut cushions, wedge cushions)
• Sitting posture correction
• Driving ergonomics
• Advice on avoiding painful positions
• Tailbone-safe ways to sit and get up
• These modifications allow patients to continue their routine without aggravating the pain.

6. Advanced Manual Therapies at CB Physiotherapy

Where beneficial, the treatment plan may include:

• Dry Needling
• Kinesio Taping
• Manual traction techniques
• Strength and conditioning programs
• Every therapy is selected to enhance safety and accelerate recovery.

 

Why Choose CB Physiotherapy for Tailbone Pain?

Highly trained physiotherapists with expertise in spine & pelvic rehabilitation

Evidence-based, result-oriented treatment

Modern equipment and safe modalities

Personalised rehabilitation plans

Holistic care (manual therapy + exercises + ergonomics)

Comfortable, privacy-maintained treatment environment

Our focus is always on providing non-invasive, safe, and long-term pain relief.

Coccydynia can severely affect quality of life, but it is highly treatable with the right physiotherapy approach. At CB Physiotherapy, we combine clinical expertise, modern techniques, and personalised care to relieve tailbone pain safely and effectively. Whether your pain is new or long-standing, physiotherapy can help restore comfort, correct posture, and prevent recurrence—allowing you to return to daily life pain-free.

Role Of Physiotherapy In Alzheimer’s Patients: Movement, Memory & Meaningful Living

 Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects thinking, behaviour, and memory. While cognitive decline is the most recognized feature, Alzheimer’s also has significant physical consequences. Over time, patients experience reduced mobility, poor balance, muscle weakness, and difficulty in performing everyday activities independently. As the disease advances, even simple tasks such as walking, sitting up in bed, or maintaining posture can become challenging.

Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in addressing these physical challenges. By promoting safe mobility, enhancing physical strength, and supporting independence, physiotherapy helps Alzheimer's patients maintain a better quality of life throughout the disease journey.

 

Why Physiotherapy Matters in Alzheimer’s Care?

Alzheimer’s doesn’t solely impact memory — it affects the brain’s ability to control movement, balance, and coordination. This often leads to reduced activity levels and faster physical decline. Without intervention, patients become more prone to:

• Falls and fractures
• Joint stiffness and muscle contractures
• Difficulty swallowing and breathing
• Social withdrawal and increased dependency
• Physiotherapy works proactively to slow down functional decline, enabling patients to stay active and engaged with their environment for longer. It also provides emotional benefits such as improved mood and reduced anxiety, which are equally important in dementia care.

 

What Physiotherapy Involves for Alzheimer’s Patients?

A physiotherapist carefully assesses the patient’s stage of disease, mobility level, behavioural patterns, and home environment. Treatment plans are individually designed and revised as the disease progresses.

Here are the major components of physiotherapy management:

1. Functional Mobility Training

Patients gradually lose the ability to perform activities such as sitting, standing, and transitioning between surfaces. Physiotherapists help maintain independence through:

·         Safe bed mobility techniques

·         Sit-to-stand training

·         Guided walking practices

·         Stair navigation where possible

·         Maintaining functional skills promotes confidence and reduces caregiver dependency.

2. Balance & Gait Training

Changes in spatial awareness and posture increase fall risk. Physiotherapy improves:

·         Stability while walking

·         Coordination

·         Reaction time during balance loss

·         Assistive device training (like cane, walker) is also introduced when needed.

3. Strengthening & Endurance Exercises

Muscle weakening accelerates disability. Exercises focus on:

·         Lower-limb strength for walking and standing

·         Core strength for posture

·         Arm strengthening for daily tasks

·         Simple resistance exercises or elastic bands work well and can be safely supervised by caregivers.

4. Flexibility & Posture Correction

Reduced movement leads to stiffness, pain, and abnormal postures. Regular stretching and positioning help:

·         Maintain joint range of motion

·         Prevent contractures

·         Reduce pain and discomfort

·         Proper seating support is also recommended to prevent spinal deformities.

5. Cognitive-Motor Stimulation

Dual-task exercises stimulate the brain and body together. Examples include:

·         Walking while counting steps

·         Catching a ball while identifying shapes

·         Coordinated rhythmic movements with music

·         These activities encourage neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections.

6. Respiratory Physiotherapy

In late-stage Alzheimer’s, patients may have reduced lung function due to immobility. Breathing exercises help reduce the risk of pneumonia and improve oxygen levels.

 

Role of Communication & Familiarity

Physiotherapy sessions for Alzheimer’s patients are designed to be simple, predictable, and enjoyable. Repetition helps build familiarity, which improves participation. Therapists often use:

·         Visual cues

·         Gentle instructions

·         Music or rhythm-based exercises

·         Positive reinforcement

      ·         This creates a calm, supportive environment where patients feel secure and motivated.upportive environment where patients feel secure and motivated.

 

Preventing Falls — A Top Priority

Falls are one of the leading causes of hospitalization and long-term disability in Alzheimer’s patients. Physiotherapists help by:

✔ Assessing home safety hazards

✔ Recommending footwear, rails, and mobility aids

✔ Training patients to navigate their environment safely

✔ Teaching caregivers proper handling techniques

Fall-prevention strategies significantly reduce injuries and maintain independence.

 

Empowering Caregivers

Caregivers often struggle with physically assisting patients, leading to fatigue and stress. Physiotherapy supports caregivers by:

Demonstrating safe transfers and lifting techniques

Providing structured home-based exercise programs

Guiding communication strategies for better cooperation

When caregivers feel equipped and confident, patient safety naturally improves.

Physiotherapy is more than just exercise for Alzheimer’s patients — it is a continuous journey of preserving abilities, easing challenges, and helping individuals live with comfort and dignity. By supporting both patients and caregivers, physiotherapy plays an invaluable role in Alzheimer’s care.

Movement has power — to heal, to connect, and to bring hope. And in Alzheimer’s, every moment of movement matters.